Wake turbulence is the air disturbance created by an aircraft as it passes through the air. It includes various components, such as wingtip vortices, jetwash, and downwash. Wingtip vortices are created when an aircraft generates lift and are the most significant component of wake turbulence. They form a pair of spinning cylinders of air that trail behind an aircraft in flight. Jetwash is caused by the exhaust from the engines and is a strong blast of air trailing behind an aircraft. Downwash is created when air is forced downwards by the wings and tail of an aircraft. It can cause turbulence on the ground below. Wake turbulence can be dangerous to other aircraft, especially smaller ones, as it can cause them to lose control or even crash. To reduce this risk, pilots must adhere to certain separation distances between their aircraft and other aircraft in order to minimize wake turbulence effects.