#Science #Wormhole @ScienceNews If you ever happen to fall through a wormhole in space, you won’t be coming back. It will snap shut behind you. But you may have just enough time to send a message to the rest of us from the other side, researchers report in the Nov. 15 Physical Review D. No one has yet seen a wormhole, but theoretically they could provide shortcuts to distant parts of the universe, or to other universes entirely, if they exist (SN: 7/27/17). Physicists have long known that one of the most commonly studied types of wormholes would be extremely unstable and would collapse if any matter entered it. It wasn’t clear, though, just how fast that might happen or what it means for something, or someone, heading into it. Now, a new computer program shows how one type of wormhole would respond when something travels through it. “You build a probe and you send it through” in the wormhole simulation, says Ben Kain, a physicist at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Mass. “You’re not necessarily trying to get it to come back, because you know the wormhole is going to collapse — but could a light signal get back in time before a collapse? And we found that it is possible.” Prior studies of wormholes have concluded that the cosmic passageways could potentially stay open for repeated trips back and forth, Kain says, provided they’re supported by a form of matter that’s so exotic it’s called “ghost matter.” Theoretically, ghost matter responds to gravity in exactly the opposite way to normal matter. That is, a ghost matter apple would fall up from a tree branch instead of down. While allowed by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, ghost matter almost certainly doesn’t exist in reality, Kain says (SN: 2/3/21). Nevertheless, Kain simulated ghost matter traveling through a wormhole and found that it caused the hole to expand as expected, rather than collapsing. It was a different story with anything made of normal matter; that would trigger a collapse that pinches the hole closed and leaves something resembling a black hole behind, Kain’s simulation confirmed. But it would happen slowly enough for a fast-moving probe to transmit light-speed signals back to our side just before the wormhole completely closes. Kain doesn’t imagine ever sending humans through a wormhole, if such things are ever found. “Just the capsule and a video camera. It’s all automated,” he says. It’ll be a one-way trip, “but we can at least get some video seeing what this device sees.”

#science #ocean #mesopelagic #enigmatic_fish #ocean_wall A TikTok creator, DaisyFoko posted on his account titled, "The Ocean Is So Scary", and explained further why he claim that scientists of underwater misinterpreted something. “There is a wall of fish, and I mean I guess you could call it more of a floor, but the point is it’s in the ocean and it’s insanely dense. It’s so insanely dense that [scientists] did not realize originally that it was fish. They thought it was a literal wall/ceiling/floor.” Daisy went on to say, "But what was suspicious about said wall/ceiling/floor, whatever, is that it was constantly in motion. Eventually, they figured out that it’s fish. The wall/ceiling/floor of fish is in the ocean so dense that scientists believe it makes up between 65-95% of all fish on earth" Daisy further stated that the enigmatic fish cannot be identified by any sound navigation systems, which was much more shocking than before. Mesopelagic Zone: The mesopelagic zone, also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic epipelagic and the aphotic bathypelagic zones. It is defined by light, and begins at the depth where only 1% of incident light reaches and ends where there is no light; the depths of this zone are between approximately 200 to 1,000 meters (~656 to 3,280 feet) below the ocean surface.

#space #3dimensional #objects #science #sciencenews Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent to which objects and events have relative positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, philosophers disagree over whether it is an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework. Debates concerning the nature, essence, and the mode of existence of space date back to antiquity; namely, to treatises like the Timaeus of Plato, or Socrates in his reflections on what the Greeks called khôra (i.e. "space"), or in the Physics of Aristotle (Book IV, Delta) in the definition of topos (i.e. place), or in the later "geometrical conception of place" as "space qua extension" in the Discourse on Place (Qawl fi al-Makan) of the 11th-century Arab polymath Alhazen. Many of these classical philosophical questions were discussed in the Renaissance and then reformulated in the 17th century, particularly during the early development of classical mechanics. In Isaac Newton's view, space was absolute—in the sense that it existed permanently and independently of whether there was any matter in space. Other natural philosophers, notably Gottfried Leibniz, thought instead that space was in fact a collection of relations between objects, given by their distance and direction from one another. In the 18th century, the philosopher and theologian George Berkeley attempted to refute the "visibility of spatial depth" in his Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision. Later, the metaphysician Immanuel Kant said that the concepts of space and time are not empirical ones derived from experiences of the outside world—they are elements of an already given systematic framework that humans possess and use to structure all experiences. Kant referred to the experience of "space" in his Critique of Pure Reason as being a subjective "pure a priori form of intuition".

#Science #ScienceNews #Protostarts #protoplanetary #disc A protoplanetary disk is a rotating circumstellar disc of dense gas and dust surrounding a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or Herbig Ae/Be star. The protoplanetary disk may also be considered an accretion disk for the star itself, because gases or other material may be falling from the inner edge of the disk onto the surface of the star. This process should not be confused with the accretion process thought to build up the planets themselves. Externally illuminated photo-evaporating protoplanetary disks are called proplyds. Protostars form from molecular clouds consisting primarily of molecular hydrogen. When a portion of a molecular cloud reaches a critical size, mass, or density, it begins to collapse under its own gravity. As this collapsing cloud, called a solar nebula, becomes denser, random gas motions originally present in the cloud average out in favor of the nebula's net angular momentum direction. Conservation of angular momentum causes the rotation to increase as the nebula radius decreases. This rotation causes the cloud to flatten out—much like forming a flat pizza out of dough—and take the form of a disk. This occurs because centripetal acceleration from the orbital motion resists the gravitational pull of the star only in the radial direction, but the cloud remains free to collapse in the axial direction. The outcome is the formation of a thin disc supported by gas pressure in the axial direction. The initial collapse takes about 100,000 years. After that time the star reaches a surface temperature similar to that of a main sequence star of the same mass and becomes visible.

https://catapult.co/stories/nikki-kolb-living-with-wolves-wolf-sanctuary-new-mexico

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/gray-wolf

https://wolfpark.org/animals/wolves/

https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/ Wolves are large carnivorous mammals that are native to the wilderness and remote areas of North America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa. They are highly social animals and live in packs that are led by a dominant male and female pair, known as the alpha male and alpha female. Wolves are known for their distinctive howls, which they use to communicate with each other over long distances. They are carnivorous animals and primarily hunt large ungulates, such as deer, elk, and moose, although they will also eat smaller prey, such as rabbits and rodents. Wolves are skilled hunters and use a variety of tactics, including stalking, chasing, and pouncing, to catch their prey. In addition to hunting, wolves are also known to scavenge for food and will eat carrion if prey is scarce. Despite their reputation as fearsome predators, wolves are also highly intelligent and have been known to form strong bonds with humans.

Wolves are large carnivorous mammals that are native to the wilderness and remote areas of North America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa. They are highly social animals and live in packs that are led by a dominant male and female pair, known as the alpha male and alpha female. Wolves are known for their distinctive howls, which they use to communicate with each other over long distances. They are carnivorous animals and primarily hunt large ungulates, such as deer, elk, and moose, although they will also eat smaller prey, such as rabbits and rodents. Wolves are skilled hunters and use a variety of tactics, including stalking, chasing, and pouncing, to catch their prey. In addition to hunting, wolves are also known to scavenge for food and will eat carrion if prey is scarce. Despite their reputation as fearsome predators, wolves are also highly intelligent and have been known to form strong bonds with humans.