Transient lunar phenomena (TLPs) have been reported for centuries, but their nature is largely unsettled and remains controversial. In this Paper I the database of TLP reports is subjected to a discriminating statistical filter robust against sites of spurious reports, and produces a restricted sample that may be largely reliable, and is highly correlated geographically with event catalogs from Apollo and Lunar Prospector alpha-particle spectrometers for episodic 222Rn gas releases. Both this robust TLP sample and even the larger, unfiltered sample are highly correlated with the boundary between mare and highlands, as are both deep and shallow moonquakes, as well as 210Po, a long-lived product of 222Rn decay and another tracer of outgassing. This offers another significant correlation relating TLPs and outgassing, and may tie some of this activity to sagging mare basalt plains (perhaps mascons). Additionally, low-level but likely significant TLP activity is connected to recent, major impact craters (while moonquakes are not), which may indicate the effects of impact fracturing, or perhaps avalanches, allowing release of gas. Most TLP (and 222Rn) activity, however, is confined to one area likely causing major, recent volcanic effusion, and plausibly connected to the deep lunar interior. Our accompanying paper (Crotts & Hummels) treats likely theoretical implications, plus practical methodologies for remote and in situ TLP and lunar outgassing observations. With the coming fleet of robotic lunar spacecraft, followed by human exploration, the study of TLPs and outgassing is both promising and imperiled. We anticipate a greater burden of anthropogenic lunar gas than ever produced, perhaps outstripping the natural atmosphere itself, but also unprecedented opportunities to study lunar outgassing and its sources if these can be examined promptly, in their pristine state.

An Heokimika iyo an siyensya na naggagamit nin kasangkapan asin prinsipyo kan kimika tanganing ipaliwanag an mga mekanismo sa likod kan mayor na sistemang heolohikal siring kan Earth's crust asin an saiyang kadagatan. An realm kan heokimika nakaunat lapwas pa sa Kinaban, sakop an enterong Solar System, asin nakagibo nin importanteng ambag sa pagsabot sa nagkapirang mga proseso kabali an mantle convection, an pormasyon kan mga planeta asin an ginikanan kan granite asin basalt. Saro iyan na pinagsalak na langtad kan kimika asin heolohiya. Toltolan

Ji'ooloojii kessatti crustn qoqodama lafa planeta kan fixe gubbat argamu yoo ta'u, planet kessa kutta lithosphere jedhamu kessatti argama. Qoqodamotta gara kessa jirran wajjin yoo walitti madalan, crustiin planet kessatti argaman waluma galatti waantotta bayye walit-qabama hin qabne ofii kessa qabu. Crustiin Planet kenya bayyinan kan ofii kessa qabu basalt fi granite dha. Qoqqodama gara kessatti argaman akka mantle fi core yoo walit madalan, crustiin qabana'a fi bayye jabba dha. Planetotta tartiban qoqodaman akka Planet kenya kessatti, lithospheriin fesashi gara kessa argamu irra nana'a. Demma fesashi irra (convection) akkatta plastic deformationniin kan baqaa-hin-ta'in, gubba mantle fi asthenosphere irra qabatulle, lithospheriin tectonic plate demma qabanitti caccabe argama. Crustiin bishaan jalatti argamu, crustii lafa irra gargari gora. Crust bishan jalla (sima) kunin furdinana 5 hanga 10 km yoo ta'u, kan ofii kessa bayyinan qabu immo basalt dha. Crust lafa irra (sial) immo dhoqan (furdinan) 20 hanga 70 km yoo ta'u, kan ofii kessa qabus cabbi (dhaka) bayye walitti hin qabamne akka granite ofii kessa qaba. Temprecherii crust temprechera qillensa fi...

Regolitos (Yunani: "batuan selimut") ialah lapisan bahan longgar, heterogeneous menyeliputi batuan pejal. Regolitos hadir pada Bumi, bulan, sesetengah asteroid, dan lain-lain planet. Asal regolitos pada Bumi adalah disebabkan luluhawa dan proses biologi; dan ia mengandungi sejumlah sebatian biologi yang pada kebiasaannya dinamakan tanah. Dalam jasad tanpa atmosfera, regolitos dihasilkan oleh pengaggregatan semula puing hasil daripada hentaman dengan jasad-jasad lain. Pada Bumi, kehadiran regolitos adalah salah satu faktor penting untuk kebanyakan hidupan, oleh sebab kebanyakan tumbuhan tidak dapat tumbuh atas atau dalam batuan pejal, dan haiwan tidak dapat membuat lubang atau membina tempat tinggal tanpa bahan yang longgar ini. Pada Bulan, regolitos dihasilkan daripada tindakan mikro-meteroid yang menghancurkan batuan pada permukaan menjadi serbuk. Serbuk ini lebih memantul berbanding dengan basalt yang membentuk lunar maria, maka akan kelihatan lebih terang apabila diperhatikan dari Bumi. Semasa peringkat awal Program pendaratan ke Bulan, terdapat bimbangan bahawa regolitos tidak dapat menampung berat modul lunar dan modul kemungkinan akan tenggelam di bawah...