Greek philosopher, born in Seleucia, on the Tigris River in Babylon. He followed Aristarchus in holding that the Earth rotated on its axis and revolved around the Sun. He correlated the tides of the Indian Ocean with the position of the Moon, theorizing a causal connection from the Moon to the sea through the Earth's atmosphere....

A stratified space is a kind of topological space together with a partition into smooth manifolds. These kinds of spaces naturally arise in the study of singular algebraic varieties, symplectic reduction, and differentiable stacks. In this paper, we introduce a particular class of stratified spaces called stratified vector bundles, and provide an alternate characterization in terms of monoid actions. We will then provide large families of examples coming from the theory of Whitney stratified spaces, singular foliation theory, and equivariant vector bundle theory. Finally, we extend functorial properties of smooth vector bundles to the stratified case.

International treaties have mostly failed to produce their intended effects except for international trade and financial laws and treaties with enforcement mechanisms. These results are unexpected because they challenge conventional wisdom about treaties, which are widely considered as the apex mechanism for countries to make commitments to each other. Not only do our findings question the usefulness of the more than 250,000 existing treaties that have been negotiated to date but they should directly inform how national governments and international institutions facilitate global cooperation on the myriad challenges we face and how future international treaties can be better designed for greater impact.