A dishailth is a pairteecular abnormal, pathological condeetion that affects pairt or aw o an organism. The study o disease is cried pathology which includes the causal study o etiology. Disease is eften construed as a medical condeetion associatit wi speceefic symptoms an signs. It mey be caused bi freemit factors such as pathogens, or it mey be caused bi internal dysfunctions pairticularly o the immune system such as an immunodeficiency, or a hypersensitivity includin allergies an autoimmunity. When caused bi pathogens (i.e. Plasmodium ssp. in malaria), even in the scienteefic leeteratur, the term disease is eften misleadinly uised in the place o its causal augent, viz. the pathogen. This leid habitat can cause confuision in the communication o the cause-effect principle in epidemiology, an as such it shoud be strangly discouraged. In humans, disease is eften uised mair broadly tae refer tae ony condeetion that causes pyne, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or daith tae the person afflictit, or seemilar problems for thae in contact wi the person. In this broader sense, it whiles includes injuries, disabeelities, disorders...