Throughout recent history, governments have competed with each other to secure access to mineral resources, especially oil and gas. Energy trading relationships have considerably shaped international cooperation, as well as foreign and security policies. Since many of the world’s oil and gas reserves are located in fragile or politically unstable places, and are often at the center of countries' economies, the drive to substitute these for cleaner energy sources comes with geopolitical risks. Understanding these risks is an important step for a fair and peaceful transition away from fossil fuels.