The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These conditions are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels. The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities – the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries. Examples of social determinants of health include:

• Income and social status: Low income and low socioeconomic status are associated with a wide range of health problems.
• Education: Higher levels of education are associated with better health outcomes.
• Gender: Gender is a major factor influencing access to healthcare and other resources. Women often experience poorer health outcomes than men due to gender discrimination.
• Employment and working conditions: Unsafe or unhealthy working conditions can lead to poor physical and mental health outcomes.
• Social support networks: Having strong family, friends or community support networks can help people cope with stressful life situations.
• Access to healthcare services: Access to quality healthcare services is essential for good health outcomes.
• Housing: Poor housing conditions can lead to a range of physical and mental health problems.
• Food insecurity: Limited access to healthy food can lead to malnutrition, obesity and other diet-related diseases.