are factors that affect a person's health and wellbeing, such as their income level, education, access to healthcare, employment opportunities, housing conditions and social support networks. These factors can have a direct impact on physical and mental health outcomes. For example, people with lower incomes may not be able to afford healthy food or access quality healthcare, which can lead to poorer health outcomes. People with higher levels of education may have better job opportunities and access to better healthcare services, which can lead to better health outcomes.