A dishailth is a pairteecular abnormal, pathological condeetion that affects pairt or aw o an organism. The study o disease is cried pathology which includes the causal study o etiology. Disease is eften construed as a medical condeetion associatit wi speceefic symptoms an signs. It mey be caused bi freemit factors such as pathogens, or it mey be caused bi internal dysfunctions pairticularly o the immune system such as an immunodeficiency, or a hypersensitivity includin allergies an autoimmunity. When caused bi pathogens (i.e. Plasmodium ssp. in malaria), even in the scienteefic leeteratur, the term disease is eften misleadinly uised in the place o its causal augent, viz. the pathogen. This leid habitat can cause confuision in the communication o the cause-effect principle in epidemiology, an as such it shoud be strangly discouraged. In humans, disease is eften uised mair broadly tae refer tae ony condeetion that causes pyne, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or daith tae the person afflictit, or seemilar problems for thae in contact wi the person. In this broader sense, it whiles includes injuries, disabeelities, disorders...

Glycaemia, also known as blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the measure of glucose concentrated in the blood of humans and other animals. Approximately 4 grams of dissolved glucose, a simple sugar, is present in the blood plasma of a 70 kg (154 lb) human at all times. The body tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. Glucose is stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells in the form of glycogen; in fasting individuals, blood glucose is maintained at a constant level at the expense of glycogen stores in the liver and skeletal muscle.In humans, a blood glucose level of 4 grams, or about a teaspoon, is critical for normal function in a number of tissues, and the human brain consumes approximately 60% of blood glucose in fasting, sedentary individuals. A persistent elevation in blood glucose leads to glucose toxicity, which contributes to cell dysfunction and the pathology grouped together as complications of diabetes. Glucose can be transported from the intestines or liver to other tissues in the body via the bloodstream. Cellular glucose uptake is primarily...