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  • https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.2506
    On the role of GRBs on life extinction in the Universe
    As a copious source of gamma-rays, a nearby Galactic Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) can be a threat to life. Using recent determinations of the rate of GRBs, their luminosity function and properties of their host galaxies, we estimate the probability that a life-threatening (lethal) GRB would take place. Amongst the different kinds of GRBs, long ones are most dangerous. There is a very good chance (but no certainty) that at least one lethal GRB took place during the past 5 Gyr close enough to Earth as to significantly damage life. There is a 50% chance that such a lethal GRB took place during the last 500 Myr causing one of the major mass extinction events. Assuming that a similar level of radiation would be lethal to life on other exoplanets hosting life, we explore the potential effects of GRBs to life elsewhere in the Galaxy and the Universe. We find that the probability of a lethal GRB is much larger in the inner Milky Way (95% within a radius of 4 kpc from the galactic center), making it inhospitable to life. Only at the outskirts of the Milky Way, at more than 10 kpc from the galactic center, this probability drops below 50%. When considering the Universe as a whole, the safest environments for life (similar to the one on Earth) are the lowest density regions in the outskirts of large galaxies and life can exist in only ~ 10% of galaxies. Remarkably, a cosmological constant is essential for such systems to exist. Furthermore, because of both the higher GRB rate and galaxies being smaller, life as it exists on Earth could not take place at $z > 0.5$. Early life forms must have been much more resilient to radiation.
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  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_the_universe
    Center of the universe
    The center of the universe may refer to: Astronomy Geocentric model, the astronomical model which places Earth at the orbital center of all celestial bodies Heliocentrism, the astronomical model in which the Sun is at the orbital center of the Solar System History of the center of the Universe, a discussion of the historical view that the Universe has a center Mythology and religion Axis mundi, the mythological concept of a world center Modern geocentrism, the belief that Earth is the center of the universe as described by classical geocentric models Space and time in the Mesoamerican religion Media Center of the Universe (TV series), an American sitcom Center of the Universe, a song by Built to Spill from their album Keep It Like a Secret Center of the Universe, an album by Admiral Twin Center of the Universe (album), a 1992 album by Giant Sand "Centre of the Universe", a song from the album Epica...
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  • https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0604050
    The First Stars in The Universe
    Large telescopes have allowed astronomers to observe galaxies that formed as early as 850 million years after the Big Bang. We predict when the first star that astronomers can observe formed in the universe, accounting for the first time for the size of the universe and for three essential ingredients: the light travel time from distant galaxies, Poisson and density fluctuations on all scales, and the effect of very early cosmic history on galaxy formation. We find that the first observable star is most likely to have formed 30 million years after the Big Bang (at redshift 65), much earlier than previously expected. Also, the first galaxy as massive as our own Milky Way likely formed when the universe was only 400 Myr old (at redshift 11). We also show that significant modifications are required in current methods of numerically simulating the formation of galaxies at redshift 20 and above.
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  • https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MNRAS.373L..98N
    The first stars in the Universe
    Large telescopes have allowed astronomers to observe galaxies that formed as early as 850 million years after the big bang. We predict when the first star that astronomers can observe (i.e. in our past light cone) formed in the Universe, accounting for the first time for the size of the Universe and for three essential ingredients: the light travel-time from distant galaxies, Poisson and density fluctuations on all scales, and the effect of very early cosmic history on galaxy formation. We find that the first observable star is most likely to have formed 30 million years after the big bang (at redshift 65). Also, the first galaxy as massive as our own Milky Way likely formed when the Universe was only 400 Myr old (at redshift 11). We also show that significant modifications are required in current methods of numerically simulating the formation of galaxies at redshift 20 and above.
    UI.ADSABS.HARVARD.EDU
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  • https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.4099
    Einstein's aborted attempt at a dynamic steady-state universe
    In June 1930 Einstein visited Cambridge where he stayed with Eddington who had just shown that Einstein's supposedly static universe of 1917 was not stable. This forced Einstein to rethink his cosmology. He spent January and February 1931 at Pasadena. There, he discussed cosmology intensely with Tolman, conscious that he had to replace his original model of 1917. However, at the end of February he still had not made up his mind about an alternative. The Albert Einstein Archives of Jerusalem (AEA) hold an undated draft, handwritten by Einstein, which I date to the beginning of January 1931. In this draft Einstein hopes to have found a solution to the cosmological problem: a stationary, dynamic universe in expansion. His model was stationary because particles leaving a given volume were replaced by particles created out of the vacuum, anticipating an idea of Bondi, Gold and Hoyle published in 1948. He saw the cosmological term as energy reservoir. However, he realised that his calculations contained a numerical error. When the error was corrected his steady-state-model collapsed.
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  • https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08092
    Emergence of life in an inflationary universe
    Abiotic emergence of ordered information stored in the form of RNA is an important unresolved problem concerning the origin of life. A polymer longer than 40--100 nucleotides is necessary to expect a self-replicating activity, but the formation of such a long polymer having a correct nucleotide sequence by random reactions seems statistically unlikely. However, our universe, created by a single inflation event, likely includes more than $10^{100}$ Sun-like stars. If life can emerge at least once in such a large volume, it is not in contradiction with our observations of life on Earth, even if the expected number of abiogenesis events is negligibly small within the observable universe that contains only $10^{22}$ stars. Here, a quantitative relation is derived between the minimum RNA length $l_{min}$ required to be the first biological polymer, and the universe size necessary to expect the formation of such a long and active RNA by randomly adding monomers. It is then shown that an active RNA can indeed be produced somewhere in an inflationary universe, giving a solution to the abiotic polymerization problem. On the other hand, $l_{min}$ must be shorter than $sim$20 nucleotides for the abiogenesis probability close to unity on a terrestrial planet, but a self-replicating activity is not expected for such a short RNA. Therefore, if extraterrestrial organisms of a different origin from those on Earth are discovered in the future, it would imply an unknown mechanism at work to polymerize nucleotides much faster than random statistical processes.
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  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuri_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)
    Shuri (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
    Shuri is a fictional character portrayed primarily by Letitia Wright in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, also inspired by the James Bond character Q. She is the courageous and tech-savvy younger sister of T'Challa, and the daughter of T'Chaka and Ramonda, all preceding monarchs of Wakanda. Highly intelligent and a master engineer, she is Wakanda's lead scientist and the princess of the country. Following her father's death, Shuri assists her brother in reclaiming the Wakandan throne from their cousin N'Jadaka and then helps remove Bucky Barnes's programming. Later, she assists the Avengers by attempting to use her technology to safely remove the Mind Stone from Vision's head. However, she gets stopped by Corvus Glaive and shortly after, falls victim to the Blip. After getting restored to life, she joins the battle against an alternate Thanos. Following her brother and mother's death, she becomes the new Black Panther, defeating Namor in combat and forming an alliance with Talokan against the rest of the world. As of 2024, the character has appeared in four...
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  • https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64418453?uselang=eu
    The Last of Us universe
    fictional universe of The Last of Us video game series
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  • https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9901364
    Topology of the Universe: Theory and Observations
    ``One could imagine that as a result of enormously extended astronomical experience, the entire universe consists of countless identical copies of our Milky Way, that the infinite space can be partitioned into cubes each containing an exactly identical copy of our Milky Way. Would we really cling on to the assumption of infinitely many identical repetitions of the same world? >... We would be much happier with the view that these repetitions are illusory, that in reality space has peculiar connection properties so that if we leave any one cube through a side, then we immediately reenter it through the opposite side.'' (Schwarzschild 1900, translation 1998) Developments in the theoretical and observational sides of cosmic topology were slow for most of the century, but are now progressing rapidly, at the scale of most interest which is 1-10 h^-1 Gpc rather than 10kpc. The historical, mathematical and observational sides of this subject are briefly reviewed in this course.
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  • https://www.marvel.com/movies
    Marvel Movies | Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) | Marvel Studios Films
    Explore Marvel movies & the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) on the official site of Marvel Entertainment!
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  • The accelerated expansion of the universe is the observation that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, as opposed to decelerating. This accelerated expansion was first discovered in 1998 by two independent teams of astronomers, who found that distant supernovae were dimmer than expected. This observation suggested that the universe was expanding at an increasing rate, rather than at a decreasing rate as had been previously assumed. The cause of this accelerated expansion is still unknown, but it is thought to be related to a mysterious form of energy called dark energy.

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  • The accelerated expansion of the universe is a phenomenon observed in the late 1990s, where it was found that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing rate. This phenomenon is believed to be caused by dark energy, a mysterious form of energy that makes up 68% of the universe. Dark energy appears to be pushing galaxies away from each other faster and faster over time, causing the accelerated expansion of the universe.

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  • .com

    #include <stdio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int num1, num2;

    printf("Enter two integers: "); // prompt user to enter two integers
    scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2); // read two integers from user

    // check if both numbers are equal or not
    if (num1 == num2)
    printf("%d and %d are equal\n", num1, num2); // print if both numbers are equal

    else // if both numbers are not equal then check which number is greater
    (num1 > num2) ? printf("%d is greater than %d\n", num1, num2):printf("%d is greater than %d\n", num2, num1);

    return 0; // return 0 to operating system indicating program ran successfully
    }

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  • Exploring the Universe Through Science | What Is Astronomy?
    Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.
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  • Exclusive: Dakota Fanning Has Joined The Marvel Cinematic Universe
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  • A new supercomputer simulation animates the evolution of the universe
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  • Top 10 Mysteries Of Outer Space | Unraveling the Secrets of the Universe (Full Documentary)
    Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.
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  • Camera Roll
    Provided to YouTube by The Orchard Enterprises Camera Roll Jbrisko Jordan V Saffold Colossal Universe City 2021 Black 17 Media, LLC. x Colossal ...
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