Social movements are groupings of individuals or organizations which focus on political or social issues. This list excludes the following: Artistic movements: see list of art movements. Independence movements: see lists of active separatist movements and list of historical separatist movements Revolutionary movements: see List of revolutions and rebellions Religious and spiritual movements: see List of religions and spiritual traditions and List of new religious movements List References External links ASA section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements Mobilization journal Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Changejournal Social Movement Studies: Journal of Social, Cultural and Political Protest Interface: a Journal For and About Social Movements Social Movements: A Summary of What Works (pdf)