In medicine, venipuncture or venepuncture is the process of obtaining intravenous access for the purpose of venous blood sampling (also called phlebotomy) or intravenous therapy. In healthcare, this procedure is performed by medical laboratory scientists, medical practitioners, some EMTs, paramedics, phlebotomists, dialysis technicians, and other nursing staff. In veterinary medicine, the procedure is performed by veterinarians and veterinary technicians. It is essential to follow a standard procedure for the collection of blood specimens to get accurate laboratory results. Any error in collecting the blood or filling the test tubes may lead to erroneous laboratory results.Venipuncture is one of the most routinely performed invasive procedures and is carried out for any of five reasons: to obtain blood for diagnostic purposes; to monitor levels of blood components; to administer therapeutic treatments including medications, nutrition, or chemotherapy; to remove blood due to excess levels of iron or erythrocytes (red blood cells); or to collect blood for later uses, mainly transfusion either in the...